Thus, the new Long March launch vehicles were renamed Divine Arrow ( 神箭), space capsule Divine Vessel (神舟), spaceplane Divine Dragon (神龙), land-based high-power laser Divine Light (神光), and supercomputer Divine Might (神威). It has been attributed to former paramount leader Deng Xiaoping for the decision that the names used in the space program, previously all chosen from the revolutionary history of the People's Republic, would be replaced with mystical-religious ones. Chinese leaders have expressed the hope that the research conducted on the station will improve researchers' ability to conduct science experiments in space beyond the duration and capacity offered by China's existing space laboratories. The first module, the Tianhe ("Harmony of the Heavens") core module, was launched on 29 April 2021, followed by multiple crewed and uncrewed missions and two more major modules to be launched in 2022. The construction of the station is based on the experience gained from its precursors, Tiangong-1 and Tiangong-2. Being China's first long-term space station and the core of the "Third Step" of the China Manned Space Program, once completed, Tiangong will have a mass between 90 and 100 t (200,000 and 220,000 lb), roughly one-fifth the mass of the International Space Station and about the size of the decommissioned Russian Mir space station. 'Palace in the Sky'), officially the Tiangong space station ( Chinese: 天宫空间站 pinyin: Tiāngōng kōngjiānzhàn), is a space station being constructed by China and operated by China Manned Space Agency (CMSA) in low Earth orbit between 340 and 450 km (210 and 280 mi) above the surface. Tiangong ( Chinese: 天宮 pinyin: Tiāngōng lit. “These guidelines are applied to all new missions flown by ESA, and include dumping fuel tanks and discharging batteries at the end of a mission, to avoid explosions, and ensuring that satellites reenter the atmosphere and safely burn up within 25 years of the end of their working lives.A rendering of the Tiangong Space Station in its October 2022 construction state, with the Tianhe core module centre-right, the Tianzhou on its aft docking port and the Wentian (pictured centre) and the Shenzhou ( nadir) sharing its multi-docking hub. “ESA is at the forefront of developing and implementing debris-mitigation guidelines, because the best way to avoid problems from orbital debris is not to cause them in the first place,” says Holger Krag, Head of ESA’s Space Debris Office. Anything above 1 cm could penetrate the shields of the Station’s crew modules, and anything larger than 10 cm could shatter a satellite or spacecraft into pieces. An object up to 1 cm in size could disable an instrument or a critical flight system on a satellite. While a chip like the one shown here may be minor, larger debris would pose a serious threat. To cater for such possibilities, the Station is provided with extensive shielding around all vital crew and technical areas, so that minor strikes, like this one, pose no threat. Yes – this is the chip in one of our Cupola windows, glad it is quadruple glazed!” says Tim. “I am often asked if the International Space Station is hit by space debris. The background just shows the inky blackness of space. Its fused-silica and borosilicate-glass windows, however, sometime suffer from impacts by tiny artificial objects: space debris.ĮSA astronaut Tim Peake took this photo from inside Cupola last month, showing a 7 mm-diameter circular chip gouged out by the impact from a tiny piece of space debris, possibly a paint flake or small metal fragment no bigger than a few thousandths of a millimetre across. In addition to serving as an observation and work area when the crew operates the Station’s robotic arms, it also provides excellent views of Earth, celestial objects and visiting vehicles. The European-built Cupola was added to the International Space Station in 2010 and continues to provide the best room with a view anywhere.
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